Drinking Age In Barcelona 2010

Evolution: Darwinian aspects raise questions

The young naturalist Charles English Darwin, after failing in their college careers in medicine and theology (for rural clergy) is dedicated to studying natural history with his friend John Henslow, a priest and botanist. So, he resumed his collections of minerals and insects that collect call from child. The study of plants helps your training in the art and allows his naturalist friend recommended as Captain Robert Fitz Roy, commander of the Beagle expedition ship routes responsible for ascertaining, among other things, around the world. (Rodríguez Acero, 2004)

Image: Charles Darwin, different perspectives. Natural Science Museum in London. "Trends of religions" in: http://www.tendencias21.net/La-evolucion-es-un-hecho, "el-Darwinism-a-teoria_a3508.html

The trip lasts five years and there are many places visited, including Argentina, on the southern tip of America. Among 1835 Darwin 1833 and runs through not only the costs but sailing upstream along rivers and vast plains rides, some deserted and others, very fertile, like the pampas.
Darwin recorded in his expeditions characteristics of the fauna, flora, fossils and geological peculiarities of the territory. Also, records in his "travel diary" stories about the lifestyles of human societies that inhabit these lands. In these comments, the British researcher shows sociological qualities and highlights an interesting facet of his personality.
Overall charge always relevant actions directly naturalist linked to its theory of the origin of species. However, other aspects are very interesting trip which are summarized below:
• Interview with General Juan Manuel de Rosas in the military camp located on the banks of the Colorado River on their journey on horseback from Buenos Carmen de Patagones up Aires (1000 km at the time). His description of the Argentine leader of the lives of the troops and the war of extermination of the natives is valuable and interesting. (Litvinoff, When Darwin met Rosas)
• From Buenos Aires continues north to Santa Fe (470 km) and includes the Governor, General Estanislao López started as a private, of order and cleanliness reign under tight command and regrets that the costs of the Paraná river had not been conquered by his countrymen. (Litvinoff, The Human Factor extinction)
• Consider administration justice and public corruption, with a lack of principles in the ruling class, and recognizes the human field or gaucho conditions far superior to living in cities. . (Litvinoff, The evolutionary feature of corruption)
• With pleasure along the river Deseado, despite its rugged and desolate margins and senses that in the past, the sea covered the region. (Litvinoff, the wonderful desolation)
• You are mistaken, not having yet taken the idea of \u200b\u200badaptation to the human species, in describing the indigenous people who live south of Tierra del Fuego, the Yamana, abject and miserable creatures. Leo, now virtually extinct, sail in canoes far superior to any other built in southern Africa. . (Litvinoff, The adaptation of the human species).
• When crossing the Strait of Magellan, Darwin notes that both sides of the channel fit into each other and think that many years ago the island of Tierra del Fuego was connected to the mainland, as has now been verified (Litvinoff, Beyond the limits of the world).
• From the Pacific, at the foot of the snowcapped mountains that now bear his name, "Cordillera Darwin" provides immense and numerous glaciers and interpret the rocks found on the beach must have been moved by glaciers many more extensive than he saw at that time. . (Litvinoff, between glaciers and cups).
• From Chile across the Andes, return to investigate sites in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. On this trip notes that the Andes are composed mainly of submarine lava and were originally seabed. (Litvinoff, Cape Horn: The Adventure of bending the end of the world).

Image: Charles Darwin Young. In mjrubio.files.wordpress.com / 2009/02/darwin_1.jpg

Reflections

natives south of the Beagle Channel, those Tierra del Fuego, the plain warring with Rosas, the gaucho who fought in the outposts, the natives set out in the pampas, the settlers in Buenos Aires, the people of London: living in a single stage or cultural differences exist enough to categorize levels of evolution?
cultural transformations, from body language to the internet: are explained by natural selection and genetic mutation?
If Patagonia and the Andes emerged from the seabed, if Tierra del Fuego is away from the continent, if the glaciers modify the relief cordillerano: geological and cosmological transformations in general are also part of the process of evolution?
In this case, physical evolution, the Big Bang to the present day, find an answer in the Darwinian ideas?

Mario Hails - February 2010

Bibliography:

Litvinoff, Edgardo, special envoy of the newspaper La Voz del Interior, Cordoba, Argentina. Letters published in 2009. www.lavoz.com.ar, or at: http://blogs.lavozdelinterior.net/forms/frmBlogDesplegado.aspx?NewsId=2484&WbId=164

Rodríguez Acero, Margarita, 2004, foreword to The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin. Buenos Aires, SA Longseller

"Evolution is a universal phenomenon in-time."

Desert Eagle Gold Airs

winds whip the double anniversary paradigmatic Darwinian

Throughout this year, 2009, marks the 200 anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin, considered by the public as father the theory of evolution, and the 150 years since the publication of proposal "The Origin of Species." Darwin's relevance lies in the popularity of his book, a text which at present is still widely read.

Image: Charles Darwin, in puntoazul.wordpress.com of http://images.google.com.ar/images?hl=es&source=hp&q=darwin&gbv = 2 & aq = f & aqi = & aql = & q = & gs_rfai =

Indeed, the merits of the theory should be awarded to a group of scholars the theme as Leclerc (Comte de Buffon), Maupertuis, Lamarck, Cuvier, Malthus, Spencer, Wallace and others, who were generating over a century the scientific climate suitable to produce a paradigm shift: the creation at a time because of an immutable world to one that evolves by natural selection over millions of years.

Since 1859 the theory of evolution is perfected and diffused, being accepted at present by most scientists. The updated version is called neo-Darwinian or synthetic theory. Pope John Paul II in 1996, recognized that the creation and evolution can live together without conflict, provided it is maintained that only God can create the human soul.

Entering the XXI century, the idea of \u200b\u200ban evolving universe is consolidated, however, claims Darwinists have serious cracks. The advances in scientific knowledge have evidence that contradicts structural principles of the classical theory. This means that evolution is a fact and what is at issue is the theory that explains and not the act itself.

The reasoning is based on Darwinian natural selection, struggle for survival of the fittest and the gradualism and lack a principle cause of the mutations. These key ideas are realized by evolutionary scientists in their research that found some anomalies that must be resolved.

The Russian thinker Peter A. Kropotkin, based on studies in Siberia in the 1860's, suggests that the species to live in an extreme climate, rather than maintaining a fierce battle show a mutual support, altruistic behavior, necessary for their existence . These experiences contradict the standard Darwinian struggle for survival of the fittest.

Bacteria were the first living things, cells Coreless, lived in solitude Earth over 2000 million years, until it appeared the nuclear component giving rise to eukaryotic cells. Biologist Lynn Margulis states that this was made possible by the incorporation of the original bacterial organelles, an event not be explained by random mutations, but by a process of symbiosis. Thus arose the three remaining kingdoms, fungi, plants and animals. The symbiosis is a cooperative affair is inconsistent with the spirit of competition posed by Darwinism.

paleontologists Gould and Eldredge argue that the fossil record reveals no gradualism but long periods of stability and sudden swings with mass extinctions and the emergence of new species. Your position is recognized as a model of "punctuated equilibrium" and is contrary to the gradualism of Darwin.

Meanwhile, the biochemist Michael Behe \u200b\u200bargues that the molecular events, microscopic, of cellular biochemistry, not analogous to macroscopic events, can not be explained either by natural selection or by gradual random mutations in the genetic code characterizing molecular events such as irreducible complexity. Behe molecular states for this stage of gestation of life, tight to the understanding, intervention of a designer intelligent. With this approach unscientific attempts to reconcile evolution with creationist ideas. This jacket sheds supernatural Behe \u200b\u200bdoes not override specific work reveals microscopic changes incompatible with the synthetic theory.

More rational is the message of the English biologist Francisco Ayala to argue that there is no necessary contradiction between science and religious beliefs. He adds, Darwin has done a great gift to theology and, at first, the theory of evolution seemed to eliminate the need for God and now has removed the most compelling obligation to explain the world's imperfections as a result of intelligent design incompetent. The neo-Darwinian theory Ayala acknowledges that genetic changes do not explain what makes humans different from chimpanzees, as the regions of the genome shared by the two species are 99 percent identical.

Maturana and Varela For living things are structurally coupled in the medium in which they develop. There are no more or less fit. If there are suitable and if they lose this status disintegrate. These Chilean intellectuals deny the survival of the fittest as an evolutionary mechanism.

Antonio García Bellido calls phrases to complexes of genes / proteins that control embryonic development in animals. There are phrases that are involved in the formation of legs, others with wings, eyes or fins. According to the English biologist, appendages of vertebrates and arthropods are not strictly homologous organs but we see that in his use of morphogenesis are conserved genes and phrases. This scientific finding is incompatible with Darwinian gradualism based on random mutations.

biologist Max Sandín Madrid argues that there gene sequences but spread in scattered fragments are combined under control whole genome, with the participation condition of the environment antagonistic to genetic determinism reasons supported by neo-Darwinism. Natural Selection, or is or is not viable and consistent with Maturana, there is structural coupling (adaptation) or disintegration. Sandín attributed to the virus changes in the organization of the systems that call evolution. And he says, the evolutionary process is a strange phenomenon of simultaneous sudden change in an ecosystem.

The neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory that explains biological phenomena only ignores the interpretation of events scenarios occur in abiotic cosmic, psychic, conscious and rational. If evolution is a universal theory must be able to elucidate the range of events ranging from the big bang to the clusters of galaxies, from cell to emotions, the language of cybernetics.

Of the questions, the different visions, bold ideas, perseverance research, interdisciplinary dialogue, the conflicting results of respect for the opposing positions of intellectual honesty arise new realities and although they have increasingly shorter periods of validity: Worth it!

Reflections

The contribution, which encouraged to think of the relative positions can be summarized in the following questions:

"Evolution is a process of genetic mutation and natural selection or generation of new forms of organization?

Is the struggle for survival of the fittest, of cooperative behaviors and conflicts and mutual support mixed?

Do feat in a gradual or occurs in a sudden?

Is it a matter or phenomenon is also involved insubstantial reality of the world of relationships?

spoke "only chance, certain organizational or involved an intelligent designer?

celebrate the double anniversary of Charles Darwin, as the standard of a current scientific it was as popular broadcaster in the theory of evolution!

prepare our minds for an impending paradigm shift!

Mario Hails - November 2009

"Evolution is a universal phenomenon in-time. "